Ponte preta x vasco da gama biography

With the paltry trade goods he had to offer, the explorer was unable to provide a suitable gift to the ruler. Soon the local populace became suspicious of da Gama and his men. Forced by a hostile crowd to flee Mozambique, da Gama departed the harbor, firing his cannons into the city in retaliation. In the vicinity of modern Kenya, the expedition resorted to piracy, looting Arab merchant ships that were generally unarmed trading vessels without heavy cannons.

The Portuguese became the first known Europeans to visit the port of Mombasa from 7 to 13 April , but were met with hostility and soon departed. Vasco da Gama continued north, arriving on 14 April at the friendlier port of Malindi , whose leaders were in conflict with those of Mombasa. There, da Gama and his crew contracted the services of a pilot who used his knowledge of the monsoon winds to guide the expedition the rest of the way to Kozhikode , located on the southwest coast of India.

Sources differ over the identity of the pilot, calling him variously a Christian, a Muslim, or a Gujarati Hindu. One traditional story describes the pilot as the famous Arab navigator Ibn Majid , but other contemporaneous accounts place Majid elsewhere, and he could not have been near the vicinity at the time. Vasco da Gama left Malindi for India on 24 April The fleet arrived in Kappadu near Kozhikode known as Kozhikode at the time, subsequently known as Calicut and now renamed Kozhikode on the Malabar Coast present-day Kerala state of India on 20 May The Zamorin Samoothiri of Kozhikode, who was at that time staying in his second capital at Ponnani , returned to the city on hearing the news of the foreign fleet's arrival.

The navigator was received with traditional hospitality, including a grand procession of at least 3, armed Nairs , but an interview with the Zamorin failed to produce any concrete results. When local authorities asked da Gama's fleet, "What brought you hither? While the Zamorin's officials wondered at why there was no gold or silver, the Muslim merchants who considered da Gama their rival suggested that the latter was only an ordinary pirate and not a royal ambassador.

Annoyed by this, da Gama carried a few Nairs and sixteen fishermen mukkuva off with him by force. Vasco da Gama left Kozhikode on 29 August Eager to set sail for home, he ignored the local knowledge of monsoon wind patterns that were still blowing onshore. The fleet initially inched north along the Indian coast, and then anchored in at Anjediva island for a spell.

They finally struck out for their Indian Ocean crossing on 3 October But with the winter monsoon yet to set in, it was a harrowing journey. On the outgoing journey, sailing with the summer monsoon wind, da Gama's fleet crossed the Indian Ocean in only 23 days; now, on the return trip, sailing against the wind, it took more than 90 days. Da Gama saw land again only on 2 January , passing before the coastal Somali city of Mogadishu , then under the influence of the Ajuran Empire in the Horn of Africa.

The fleet did not make a stop, but passing before Mogadishu, the anonymous diarist of the expedition noted that it was a large city with houses of four or five storeys high and big palaces in its center and many mosques with cylindrical minarets. Da Gama's fleet finally arrived in Malindi on 7 January , in a terrible state — approximately half of the crew had died during the crossing, and many of the rest were afflicted with scurvy.

After leaving Malindi, the sailing was smoother. By early March, the fleet had arrived in Mossel Bay, and crossed the Cape of Good Hope in the opposite direction on 20 March, reaching the western coast of Africa by 25 April. The diary record of the expedition ends abruptly here. Da Gama and his sickly brother eventually hitched a ride with a Guinea caravel returning to Portugal, but Paulo da Gama died en route.

He eventually took passage on an Azorean caravel and finally arrived in Lisbon on 29 August according to Barros , [ 32 ] or early September [ 19 ] 8th or 18th, according to other sources. Despite his melancholic mood, da Gama was given a hero's welcome and showered with honors, including a triumphal procession and public festivities. King Manuel wrote two letters in which he described da Gama's first voyage, in July and August , soon after the return of the ships.

Girolamo Sernigi also wrote three letters describing da Gama's first voyage soon after the return of the expedition. The expedition had exacted a large cost — two ships and over half the men had been lost. It had also failed in its principal mission of securing a commercial treaty with Kozhikode. Nonetheless, the small quantities of spices and other trade goods brought back on the remaining two ships demonstrated the potential of great profit for future trade.

His path would be followed up thereafter by yearly Portuguese India Armadas. The spice trade would prove to be a major asset to the Portuguese royal treasury, and other consequences soon followed. For example, da Gama's voyage had made it clear that the east coast of Africa, the Contra Costa , was essential to Portuguese interests; its ports provided fresh water, provisions, timber, and harbors for repairs, and served as a refuge where ships could wait out unfavorable weather.

One significant result was the colonization of Mozambique by the Portuguese Crown. This turned out to be a complicated affair, for Sines still belonged to the Order of Santiago. The master of the Order, Jorge de Lencastre , might have endorsed the reward — after all, da Gama was a Santiago knight, one of their own, and a close associate of Lencastre himself.

But the fact that Sines was awarded by the king provoked Lencastre to refuse out of principle, lest it encourage the king to make other donations of the Order's properties. In the meantime, da Gama made do with a substantial hereditary royal pension of , reis. He was awarded the noble title of Dom lord in perpetuity for himself, his siblings and their descendants.

However, Pedro Cabral entered into a conflict with the local Arab merchant guilds, with the result that the Portuguese factory was overrun in a riot and up to 70 Portuguese were killed. Cabral blamed the Zamorin for the incident and bombarded the city. Thus war broke out between Portugal and Kozhikode. Vasco da Gama invoked his royal letter to take command of the Fourth India Armada , scheduled to set out in , with the explicit aim of taking revenge upon the Zamorin and force him to submit to Portuguese terms.

The heavily armed fleet of fifteen ships and eight hundred men left Lisbon on 12 February The Fourth Armada was a veritable da Gama family affair. On the outgoing voyage, da Gama's fleet opened contact with the East African gold trading port of Sofala and reduced the sultanate of Kilwa to tribute, extracting a substantial sum of gold. They offered their wealth, which "could ransom all the Christian slaves in the Kingdom of Fez and much more" but were not spared.

Da Gama looked on through the porthole and saw the women bringing up their gold and jewels and holding up their babies to beg for mercy. After stopping at Cannanore, Gama drove his fleet before Kozhikode, demanding redress for the treatment of Cabral. Having known of the fate of the pilgrims' ship, the Zamorin adopted a conciliatory attitude towards the Portuguese and expressed willingness to sign a new treaty, but da Gama made a call to the Hindu king to expel all Muslims from Kozhikode before beginning negotiations, which was turned down.

Da Gama called him a spy, ordered the priest's lips and ears to be cut off and after sewing a pair of dog's ears to his head, sent him away. He also captured several rice vessels and cut off the crew's hands, ears and noses, dispatching them with a note to the Zamorin, in which Gama declared that he would be open to friendly relations once the Zamorin had paid for the items plundered from the feitoria as well as the gunpowder and cannonballs.

The violent treatment meted out by da Gama quickly brought trade along the Malabar Coast of India, upon which Calicut Kozhikode depended, to a standstill. The Zamorin ventured to dispatch a fleet of strong warships to challenge da Gama's armada, but which Gama managed to defeat in a naval battle before Kozhikode harbor. Da Gama loaded up with spices at Cochin and Cannanore , small nearby kingdoms at war with the Zamorin, whose alliances had been secured by prior Portuguese fleets.

The 4th armada left India in early Vasco da Gama arrived back in Portugal in September , effectively having failed in his mission to bring the Zamorin to submission. When the Portuguese king Manuel I decided to appoint the first governor and viceroy of Portuguese India in , da Gama was conspicuously overlooked, and the post given to Francisco de Almeida.

For the next two decades, Vasco da Gama lived out a quiet life, unwelcome in the royal court and sidelined from Indian affairs. His attempts to return to the favor of Manuel I, including switching over to the Order of Christ in , yielded little. Almeida, the larger-than-life Afonso de Albuquerque and, later on, Albergaria and Sequeira , were the king's preferred point men for India.

After Ferdinand Magellan defected to the Crown of Castile in , Vasco da Gama threatened to do the same, prompting the king to undertake steps to retain him in Portugal and avoid the embarrassment of losing his own "Admiral of the Indies" to Spain. The decree granted Vasco da Gama and his heirs all the revenues and privileges related, [ 45 ] thus promoting da Gama from a petty noble to one of the relatively few titled nobles in Portugal.

Vasco da Gama re-emerged from his political wilderness as an important adviser to the new king's appointments and strategy. Seeing the new Spanish threat to the Maluku Islands as the priority, Vasco da Gama advised against the obsession with Arabia that had pervaded much of the Manueline period, and continued to be the dominant concern of Duarte de Menezes , then- governor of Portuguese India.

Menezes also turned out to be incompetent and corrupt, subject to numerous complaints. As a result, John III decided to appoint Vasco da Gama himself to replace Menezes, confident that the magic of his name and memory of his deeds might better impress his authority on Portuguese India, and manage the transition to a new government and new strategy.

By his appointment letter of February , John III granted Vasco da Gama the privileged title of " Viceroy ", being only the second Portuguese governor to enjoy that title the first was Francisco de Almeida in After a troubled journey [ clarification needed ] in which four or five of the ships were lost en route, he arrived in India in September. Early on the morning of September 8, as the ships laid becalmed near Dabul the sea began to boil and the vessels pitched and rocked violently for about an hour as the result of a submarine earthquake.

Friends, rejoice and be happy, for even sea trembles before us! Vasco da Gama immediately invoked his high viceregal powers to impose a new order in Portuguese India, replacing all the old officials with his own appointments. But da Gama contracted malaria not long after arriving and died in the city of Cochin on Christmas Eve in , three months after his arrival.

As per royal instructions, da Gama was succeeded as governor of India by one of the captains who had come with him, Henrique de Menezes no relation to Duarte. Vasco da Gama's body was first buried at St. Francis Church , at Fort Kochi in the city of Kochi , but his remains were returned to Portugal in The body of Vasco da Gama was re-interred in Vidigueira in a casket decorated with gold and jewels.

Apparently, da Gama's gravestone had been exchanged with that of his great-grandson Francisco da Gama, whose tomb lay opposite his, likely during restoration works in Additionally, it was found that the casket moved in contained the bones of more than one person, whereas the other tomb contained only one skeleton. Formed in the youth sectors of Ponte Preta alongside Carlos Gallo and Edson Boaro , he was a highlight of the club, especially in the Campeonato Paulista where he was the team's top scorer in the competition.

He is the fourth highest scorer in the history of Ponte Preta with 89 goals. He ended his career at Ponte Preta in Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk.

Ponte preta x vasco da gama biography

Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Who was Vasco de Gama? His early life and youth Vasco da Gama was born in in the city of Sines. Vasco de Gama spent almost all his childhood in a sailormen and trips environment enriching his knowledge in this matter. At eighteen years old, Vasco de Gama was already inlisted as ship crew member in charge of patroling Portuguese ports on the African coast, defending them against pirate ships.

Vasco de Gama was famous for his personality, being described as violent, rude and relentless. Coming from a poor family, he had an inferiority problem and so his ambitions were to achieve great social status and fortune. What Did Vasco de Gama discovered? For many years lots of travelers tried to find a direct sea route from Portugal to India to avoid having to deal with merchants and traders from the Mediterranean and Egypt, who were known to impose high taxes for the exchange of their goods.

In July 8th , the King of Portugal ordered Vasco de Gama to discover the sea route from Portugal to India, where he established contact in Calecute, India in May, 17th of , ten months after his departure. Muslim merchants prepared an ambush upon the Portuguese arrival to India, but they failed. Vasco de Gama battled against them and easily claimed the lands to the South East.

With this conquest, the official trade route from Portugal to the lands of the East was finally open, breaking the Arab and Venetians monopoly in the East. He expanded Portuguese trade of merchandise and ideas to the new lands he had found. He was sent by the King to explore the west The King Manuel I of Portugal trusted Vasco da Gama to be the leader of an exploration to the west and to serve as the ambassador to the rulers of India as well.

He got the title thanks to the many trips and achievements throughout the years serving the King as a Captain of the Charters. Vasco da Gama was known to be brutal Vasco da Gama was known to be kind of brutal and arrogant. Some traits of his personality led to negative relations with the Muslims. On his first journey to India, he found out that India had already established trade with many different countries, such as Africa and China.

This, and the fact that he had an aggressive temper, complicated the establishment of profitable relations with the natives. Some historians say that Vasco da Gama and his crew were disrespectful towards Hindu shrines and even kidnapped a few locals to be used as interpreters in their next expeditions. He was a hero for the Portuguese Thanks to his explorations and discoveries, Vasco da Gama gained major roles in the military and navy.

Once he returned to Portugal, he was definitely seen as a hero by the Portuguese. One cannot deny the fact that he played an essential role in Portugal history. Vasco da Gama greatly contributed to the wealth of Portugal During the fifteenth and sixteenth century, India was still quite a mystery. It was an unexplored land where one could find many fine spices and stunning jewelry.

Once Vasco da Gama established a trading relationship with India, he created a new source of wealth for Portugal and gave it power. Thanks to him and many other explorers like him, Lisbon was once the greatest trading centre of Europe! His explorations affected the religious world One of the main reasons for the Age of Discoveries to happen was the spreading of religion.