Odio razziale di hitler biography

Actually the Christ or only John [the Baptist]? We follow not Christ but Horst Wessel, Away with incense and holy water. The church can be taken away from me,. Not only was this a clear expression of a desire to replace Christianity with Nazism, but it also exalted Hitler to a position that the Christian churches gave Jesus, who is often called the Mediator in the Bible and Christian theology.

However, is this enough for Nazism to qualify as a religion, a political religion, or a secular religion, all terms used at times to describe Nazism? Moreover, what did Adolf Hitler believe in regarding Nazism as a religion? This is easier to decipher, since he explicitly answered this question more than once. In Mein Kampf , he explicitly rejected the idea that he should become a religious reformer, insisting that Nazism was a political, not a religious movement.

In fact, throughout his career, Hitler urged neutrality on purely religious questions, and he tolerated a variety of views about religion within the Nazi Party. Some leading Nazis considered themselves Christians, while others were staunchly and forthrightly anti-Christian. Some Nazis embraced occultism, while others scoffed at it.

Some promoted neo-paganism, while others considered pagan rites and ceremonies absurd. Hitler really did not care what they believed about the spiritual realm as long as it did not conflict with Nazi political and racial ideology. In October , in the midst of a diatribe against the Christian churches, Hitler admitted that Nazism could never be a complete substitute for religion because it did not offer anyone a coherent position on metaphysics.

Thus he counseled toleration for those who had a heartfelt desire for religion. He remarked that someone feeling a need for metaphysics cannot simply be handed the Party Program. Though Adolf Hitler dismissed the idea that Nazism was a religion, he did consider it more than just a political party or movement. He often presented Nazism as a fundamental worldview that provided a foundation for his political ideology and policies.

Hitler expressed the kernel of this worldview in one of these chapters:. The folkish worldview [i. In the state it sees in principle only a means to an end and construes its end as the preservation of the racial existence of man. Thus, it by no means believes in an equality of the races, but along with their difference it recognizes their higher or lesser value and feels itself obligated, through this knowledge, to promote the victory of the better and stronger, and demand the subordination of the inferior and weaker in accordance with the eternal will that dominates this universe.

Thus, in principle, it serves the basic aristocratic idea of Nature and believes in the validity of this law down to the last individual. It sees not only the different value of the races, but also the different value of individuals. But it cannot grant the right to existence even to an ethical idea if this idea represents a danger for the racial life of the bearers of a higher ethics.

This racial worldview attempted to explain the essence of human existence and the meaning of history, while also providing moral guidance. Therefore, what did Hitler believe in regarding pantheism? Hitler recognized this problem, maintaining in Mein Kampf that a worldview such as his own must be intolerant toward any other worldview that conflicts with it—and here he specifically mentioned Christianity as a rival.

He knew that converting Germans to his worldview of what Hitler believed in would not leave the religious landscape unchanged. What did Adolf Hitler believe in regarding secularism? This is hotly debated. The roots of Nazi ideology, he thought, were found in Darwin, Nietzsche, Houston Stewart Chamberlain, and Oswald Spengler, whose ideas he considered products of secularization.

Scholars and especially popular works on Hitler, in fact, have identified him with just about every major expression of religion present in early twentieth-century Germany: Catholic Christianity, non-Catholic Christianity, non-Christian monotheism, deism, pantheism, occultism, agnosticism, and atheism. One reason for this confusion is that Hitler consciously obfuscated his position whenever he thought he could gain political capital needed to secure power or retain popularity.

While many of his long-term goals were fixed, he was flexible about short-term policies, and he was not averse to concealing his goals if he knew they would not be popular. Another problem creating confusion about what Hitler believed in is that some people though usually not historians, who know better think the Nazis had a coherent religious position.

Some wrongly assume that because Rosenberg or Himmler embraced neo-paganism, this must have been the official Nazi position. However, there was no official Nazi position on religion, except perhaps for the rather vague and minimalist position that some kind of God existed. Was Adolf Hitler a Christian? This question has been asked by historians and World War Two aficionados for decades.

In , Arthur Szyk, a Polish Jew living in the United States, drew a caricature of Hitler as the Antichrist bringing death and destruction to humanity. Many Christian leaders in the s and s, both within and outside Germany, recognized Hitler was no friend to their religion. The Swedish Lutheran bishop Nathan Soderblom, a leading figure in the early twentieth-century ecumenical movement, was not so ecumenical that he included Hitler in the ranks of Christianity.

They rarely asked if Adolf Hitler was a Christian. Aside from those who saw him as a Messiah worthy of veneration and maybe even worship, many regarded him as a faithful Christian. Rumors circulated widely in Nazi Germany that Hitler carried a New Testament in his vest pocket, or that he read daily a Protestant devotional booklet. Though these rumors were false, at the time many Germans believed them.

Indeed, savvy politician that he was, Hitler often cultivated the image of being a Christian. The caption, meanwhile, implied that Hitler was not a heretic, as some presumed, because here he was at church. The photo was such brilliant propaganda that the historian Richard Steigmann-Gall used it on the dust jacket of his book, The Holy Reich: Nazi Conceptions of Christianity, — , in which he tries to show the affinities of Nazism and Christianity.

Apparently, it still convinces some that Hitler is a Christian. In any case, sometime between and , Adolf Hitler apparently decided that he no longer needed to pander to the Christian sensibilities of the German public. In the edition of Hitler wie ihn keiner kennt, Hoffmann altered the photo by removing the cross apparently, Hitler no longer wanted to be associated with this symbol.

Most historians today agree that Adolf Hitler was not a Christian in any meaningful sense. In August , while he was in Landsberg Prison, Hitler privately told Hess about having to camouflage his opposition to religion, just as he had to hide his enmity toward alcohol. Even though Hitler found playing a religious hypocrite distasteful, he dared not criticize the church, because he knew this might alienate people.

He was usually more circumspect, refraining from open criticism of Christianity. According to Wagener, who accompanied Hitler from to , Hitler honored Jesus as a great socialist but believed the Christian churches had completely perverted His teachings and were, in fact, teaching the exact opposite. He was clearly obsessed with the topic. On December 13, , for example, just two days after declaring war on the United States, he told his Gauleiter district leaders that he was going to annihilate the Jews, but he was postponing his campaign against the church until after the war, when he would deal with them.

In fact, Adolf Hitler contemptuously called Christianity a poison and a bacillus and openly mocked its teachings. In a long diatribe ridiculing many core Christian teachings, Hitler told his colleagues that the Christian concept of heaven was insipid and undesirable. Hitler, in his own twisted mind, believed black Africans were subhumans intellectually closer to apes than to Europeans, so to him, this was a spectacular insult to Catholics.

In February , Hitler again scoffed at the basic teachings of Christianity, sarcastically relating the story of humanity from a Christian standpoint. With its emergence the beautiful clarity of the ancient world was lost. In the end, the evidence is preponderant against Hitler embracing any form of Christianity for most of his adult life.

Was Hitler a Christian? Even though he tried to palm himself off as a Christian when it served his political purposes, none of his friends and comrades considered him one. Even though he never officially left the Catholic Church, Schroeder claimed he promised to withdraw from the church immediately after the war to symbolize the dawn of a new historical era.

He admired the whip-wielding Jesus, whom he considered a fellow Aryan warrior fighting against the allegedly infernal Jews, but he had utter contempt for the Jesus who told His followers to love their enemies and turn the other cheek. In private conversations and monologues he railed at Christianity because it had followed the lead of that insidious Jewish rabbi Paul.

In mid-January of , Adolf Hitler was discussing with his colleagues a rather frequent topic of his conversations and monologues: the church. That, of course, does not mean everyone draws the same conclusion. As we have seen, some people today interpret Hitler as an atheist, while others insist he was a Christian. In fact, he has been described as an adherent of just about every major religious position in twentieth-century European society excepting Judaism, of course , which included agnosticism, pantheism, panentheism, occultism, deism, and non-Christian theism.

Trade unions were destroyed; the government controlled wage rates between and they dropped by around seven percent and introduced compulsory labor service for some , men between and The drop in German unemployment from a level of more than six million in to less than a million by was spectacular, but the cost to civil liberties in Germany was incalculable.

There were parallels, albeit superficial ones, between, for example, U. But the curtailment of individual and corporate freedoms in Germany was the clearest indication that U. Burleigh, Michael. Garraty, John. Overy, Richard. War, Economy and the Third Reich. Adolf Hitler ruled Germany as a dictator from to Hitler's regime murdered more than 6 million Jews and others in concentration camps and started world war ii.

Hitler was born in Braunauam Inn, Austria, on April 20, , the son of a minor government official and a peasant woman. A poor student, Hitler never completed high school. In he moved to Vienna and tried to make a living as an artist. He was unsuccessful and had to work as a day laborer to support himself. During this period Hitler immersed himself in anti-Jewish and antidemocratic literature.

He was also a passionate German nationalist who believed that Austria should be merged with Germany so as to unite the German people. In he moved to Munich. He gave up his Austrian citizenship and enlisted in the German army when world war i began in He rose to lance corporal in his infantry regiment, won the Iron Cross, and was wounded in When Germany admitted defeat and signed the armistice terminating World War I in November , Hitler was in a hospital, temporarily blinded by a mustard gas attack and suffering from shock.

Outraged at the defeat, Hitler blamed Jews and Communists for stabbing the German army in the back. Other members of the German army felt the same way. After his discharge from the hospital, Hitler was assigned to spy on politically subversive activities in Munich. In he joined a small nationalist party. The Nazis advocated the uniting of all German people into one nation and the repudiation of the Versailles treaty, which the Allies had forced Germany to sign.

This treaty imposed large reparations on Germany and restricted the size of its armed forces. In the Nazis tried to capitalize on political and economic turmoil in Germany. On November 8 Hitler called for a Nazi revolution. The beer hall putsch revolution , named for its place of origin, failed because Hitler had no military support. When he led two thousand storm troopers in revolt, the police opened fire and killed sixteen people.

Hitler was arrested and sentenced to five years in prison for treason. While in prison Hitler wrote Mein Kampf My Struggle , a rambling book that was both an autobiography and a declaration of his political beliefs. He made his intentions plain: If he was to assume control of Germany, he would seek to conquer much of Europe and he would destroy the Jewish race.

He rejected democracy and called for a dictatorship that would be able to withstand an assault by communism. Hitler served only nine months in prison, as political pressure forced the Bavarian government to commute his sentence. He was set free in December From to , Hitler and the Nazis had little political success. The Great Depression , which started in late , was the catalyst for Hitler's rise to power.

As the economy declined, Hitler railed against the Versailles treaty and a conspiracy of Jews and Communists who were destroying Germany. By the Nazis had become the strongest party in Germany. On January 30, , Hitler was named chancellor, or prime minister , of Germany. Many German leaders believed that Hitler could be controlled by industrialists and the German army.

He abolished labor unions, imposed government censorship, and directed that Nazi propaganda dominate the press and the radio. The gestapo, Hitler's secret police , waged a war of terror on Nazi opponents. Jews were fired from jobs, placed in concentration camps, and driven from Germany. By Hitler was securely in charge. The majority of Germans supported Hitler enthusiastically.

He restored full employment, rebuilt the German economy, and allowed Germans to escape the feelings of inferiority instilled after World War I. Hitler broke the Versailles treaty and proceeded with a massive buildup of the German armed forces. In he reclaimed the Rhineland from French control, and in he annexed Austria to Germany. Also in he took over the German areas of Czechoslovakia, and in he annexed all of that country.

World War II had begun. During the early years of Hitler's regime, some prominent U. As Hitler became more aggressive and war clouds appeared, U. People such as aviator Charles A. Lindbergh argued for an America First policy. Concerns about Nazism led in part to the smith act 54 Stat. Nazi sympathizers organized groups such as the Silvershirts and the German-American Bund, raising the specter of subversion.

The Smith Act required aliens to register with and be fingerprinted by the federal government. More important, it made it illegal not only to conspire to overthrow the government, but to advocate or conspire to advocate to do so. The U. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the act in Dennis v. United States , U. Hitler's quick and easy conquest of western Europe in left Great Britain alone.

They were joined by the Soviet Union , which Hitler had invaded in June In the war turned against Hitler. North Africa and then Italy were lost to the Allies. In June , the Allies invaded France and were soon nearing Germany. On the eastern front, the Soviet army moved toward Berlin. During these last years of the war, Hitler directed the extermination of Jews and other "undesirables" in concentration camps.

On July 20, , Hitler escaped an assassination attempt. As the military situation crumbled, Hitler realized that defeat was inevitable. On April 30 the two committed suicide. Their bodies were burned by Hitler's aides. Anthes, Louis. New York : Clarion Books. Hirohito ; Mussolini, Benito ; Nuremberg Trials. Adolf Hitler — was national socialist dictator of Germany's totalitarian Third Reich from January until his suicide in the closing days of World War II — He ranks alongside the Soviet Union 's Joseph Stalin — and China's Mao Tse-tung — as one of the modern world's most ruthless and maniacal political figures.

Hitler was born on April 20, , in eastern Austria. He enjoyed a pampered childhood and adolescence, was an indifferent student, and failed to graduate from secondary school. In Hitler moved to Vienna, where he developed basic convictions that formed the subsequent basis of his political ideology. These included a commitment to pan-German nationalism coupled with a radical racial anti-semitism; an appreciation of the power of mass mobilization in politics; and his rejection of liberalism, socialism, Marxism, and democracy.

While debating politics on a daily basis, Hitler also developed exceptional skills as an impassioned orator. The war—including Germany's defeat in —was a pivotal experience for Hitler, who became obsessed with perpetuating war. Hitler resigned from the military to join the German Workers Party, a radical right group formed in Munich to oppose postwar Germany's fledgling democratic regime the Weimar Republic.

Hitler was arrested, tried for treason, and sentenced to five years in prison, during which time he wrote Mein Kampf , an inflammatory autobiography. The book later inspired millions of Germans and other Europeans to accept Hitler's claim to leadership and the Nazi agenda. After his early release from prison in December , Hitler devoted his energies to the reorganization of the NSDAP and extending its political appeal.

He obtained the support of sympathetic voters and the German military in a calculated strategy to achieve a legal rise to political power. Hitler's targets included Jews, socialists, liberals, and pacifists. These groups had allegedly conspired to bring about Germany's defeat in and the Treaty of Versailles , which had imposed territorial, financial, and political costs on the Weimar Republic.

However, support for the party surged to Key factors in Hitler's growing popularity included the onset of the Great Depression and resulting mass unemployment, the persuasiveness of his ideological oratory, and a parallel increase in support for the Communist Party that frightened many middle-class voters. Another factor was the failure of democratic leaders to devise credible measures to combat the effects of the Depression, or to unite in defense of the republic against its radical opponents on both the right and left.

Once in office, Hitler proceeded swiftly to consolidate power. In he coerced the parliament into granting his cabinet dictatorial powers to deal with the "national crisis. Following the views expounded in Mein Kampf , the Nazis launched a coordinated program of overt discrimination, subsequent imprisonment, and later the mass extermination of millions of Jews and other regime "outsiders.

French acquiescence—the annexation of Austria and most of Czechoslovakia in The advance of the Red Army through eastern Germany into Berlin and a relentless drive by Anglo-American forces through Germany in the West convinced Hitler that he had no recourse but to take his life and entrust what remained of the Third Reich and its armed forces to others.

He shot himself in an underground bunker in Berlin on April 30, A week later, German military officers surrendered unconditionally to the wartime allies. Most of the bunker remains unmarked , but Hitler's body was taken by the Red Army and was never officially interred. Bracher, Karl Dietrich. Jean Steinberg. New York : Praeger Publishers, Bullock, Alan.

Hitler, a Study in Tyranny. Completely revised ed. Memoirs , trans. Richard and Clara Winston. Joachim C. Fest , Hitler , trans. Richard and Clara Winston, John W. Hiden, Herbert Arnold, Ian Kershaw , Hitler: — Hubris , Hitler, Adolf gale. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia.

Dreams of becoming an artist Born in Braunau, a small Austrian town close to the German border, Hitler was the son of Alois Hitler, a customs inspector. Learning to hate During this period, Austria which then included Hungary was a socialist society one in which the government controls the production and distribution of goods and cooperation, rather than competition, is stressed struggling with the problems of modernization and rapid industrialization.

The German Workers' Party While still in the army, Hitler was chosen in to become a special agent. The Munich Beer Hall "Putsch" In November Hitler led a group of Nazi soldiers called "storm troopers" into a Munich beer hall where high-level government officials were meeting and staged a "putsch" an attempt to seize power. The Nazis in control of Germany The Nazis began by eliminating civil rights and the legal system and giving the state police force, the Gestapo, the right to arrest and imprison anyone for any reason.

At the peak of popularity When Hindenberg died in August , Hitler became head of state, and he also made himself commander of all military forces. Germany invades nearby countries By the end of the s, Hitler was ready to expand Germany's empire by taking over nearby countries. Hitler's "Final Solution" Meanwhile, Hitler had been acting on his "racial purity" policies against Jews.

The war goes downhill The first few years of the war went well for Germany. Trapped in the bunker After the successful Allied landing on the beaches of Normandy in northern France known as D-Day in June it became clear that the German war effort was doomed, but Hitler refused to admit it. Harris, Nathaniel. London: B. Batsford Ltd.

Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Wepman, Dennis. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, Things to remember while reading the excerpt from Hitler's Order of the Day: In his July 3, , radio broadcast Stalin predicted: "Our war for the freedom of our country will merge with the struggle of the peoples of Europe and America … It will be a united front of peoples standing for freedom and against enslavement and threats of enslavement by Hitler's … armies.

Hitler's order to the German troops on the eastern front was issued on October 2, , about three and a half months after Germany invaded the Soviet Union. At this time, Hitler felt confident that Germany had won the war against the Soviet Union. Notice how Hitler plays upon his soldiers' deepest emotions and rawest instincts—instincts of loyalty, courage, and survival—by telling them that Stalin had long planned a devastating invasion of Germany.

He also calls on a higher power—God—to lead the German forces to victory in their war against the Soviet "beasts. All preparations … have been made… We can now strike a deadly blow. The Fuehrer's Headquarters: Oct. What happened next… Even though German forces captured the Soviet city of Kiev in September of , their December advance on Moscow failed.

Did you know… As a young man Hitler spent a few years in Vienna making money by painting portraits, postcard scenes, and store posters. While serving in the German army in World War I Hitler suffered a poison gas attack, during which he claimed to have a vision of himself as an Aryan white hero called upon by the gods to lead his country in a glorious year reich reich means empire.

In , some high-ranking officers in the German military tried, unsuccessfully, to assassinate Hitler. Hitler responded to the attack by having approximately five thousand people he suspected of being involved in the plot killed. Hitler spent his last days in an underground bunker in Berlin. As the Russian army was overtaking Berlin, the final blow in Germany's defeat, Hitler was in a state of extreme nervous exhaustion.

It is reported that he shuffled around the bunker, stooped over, with trembling limbs, talking incoherently, and planning new war strategies for divisions of the German army that had long been defeated. Stein, R. Invasion of Russia.

Odio razziale di hitler biography

Siege of Leningrad. Whitelaw, Nancy. Josef Stalin: From Peasant to Premier. Videos Stalin. HBO, Sources Allen, Peter. Leckie, Robert. New York: Random House, Ross, Stewart. World Leaders. New York: Thomson Learning, Adolf Hitler Austrian-born German leader Adolf Hitler rose from obscurity to become one of the most threatening figures in world history.

Joseph Stalin Soviet political leader Joseph Stalin was born December 21, , in Gori, Georgia, a southwest Asian territory that was then part of the Russian empire. Adolf Hitler gale. Adolf Hitler The German dictator Adolf Hitler led the extreme nationalist and racist Nazi party and served as chancellor-president of Germany from to Early Nazi Years The end of the war suddenly left Hitler without a place or goal and drove him to join the many disillusioned veterans who continued to fight in the streets of Germany.

Rise to Power With the outbreak of world depression, the fortunes of Hitler's movement rose rapidly. Consolidation of Power The first 2 years in office were almost wholly dedicated to the consolidation of power. Preparation for War Once internal control was assured, Hitler began mobilizing Germany's resources for military conquest and racial domination of the land masses of central and eastern Europe.

The War On Sept. German Defeat With the waning fortunes of the German war effort, Hitler withdrew almost entirely from the public; his orders became increasingly erratic and pedantic; and recalling his earlier triumphs over the generals, he refused to listen to advice from his military counselors. Further Reading Hitler's own writings start with Mein Kampf; of its many translations, that of Ralph Mannheim is preferred.

Recommended for general historical background are Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism ; rev. Early Nazi years The end of the war left Hitler without a place or goal and drove him to join the many veterans who continued to fight in the streets of Germany. Rise to power With the outbreak of world depression in the s, the fortunes of Hitler's movement rose rapidly.

Preparation for war Once internal control was assured, Hitler began mobilizing Germany's resources for military conquest and racial domination of central and eastern Europe. German defeat With the German war effort collapsing, Hitler withdrew almost entirely from the public. Zitelmann, Rainier. Hitler: The Policies of Seduction. London: London House, Lewis, D.

The Man Who Invented Hitler. London: Headline. Rudolph Binion. Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. Nazi Economics: Ideology, Theory and Policy. Bessel, Richard, ed. Borchard, Knut. Fischer, Conan. The Rise of the Nazis, rev. James, Harold. The German Slump: Politics and Economics, — Hitler: — Hubris. Hitler: — Nemesis.

The Nazi Economic Recovery, —38, rev. Patricia Clavin. Welch, David. Hitler: Profile of a Dictator. Hitler, Adolf german dictator— Adolf Hitler — was national socialist dictator of Germany's totalitarian Third Reich from January until his suicide in the closing days of World War II — Donald Hancock. Hitler, Adolf oxford. Having signed a nonaggression treaty with the Soviet Union , Hitler invaded Poland on 1 September , conquered Western Europe in spring , occupied southeastern Europe , and attacked Russia in the summer of A failed assassination attempt on Hitler's life in July led to a widespread purge of the plotters; but as American and Soviet troops met on the Elbe River on 25 April and the Red Army entered Berlin , he committed suicide on 30 April, only days before Germany capitulated on 7—9 May Others, such as Martin Broszat, assert that Hitler had far less control over events, that his regime was based on a chaotic struggle of power between competing agencies, and that his policies were largely the function of circumstances rather than careful, farsighted planning.

A few months later, his defeat at Stalingrad, coupled with the United States' entry into the war, marked a turning point in the Second World War. From then on, Hitler's mental and physical health declined until the end of the war. Sustained fighting liberates Hitler's conquered peoples and pushes back Germany's borders. It was the sixth in six years.

He is only slightly wounded. In the end, he admits he has lost the war and speaks of his desire to end his life. He then dictates his wills one political, the other private to his secretary. The next day, with the Red Army only a few hundred meters from the bunker, Hitler and his wife commit suicide. My account. Ask a question. French Coming Soon.

Einsatzgruppen, or mobile death squads, executed entire Jewish communities during the Soviet invasion, while the existing concentration-camp network expanded to include death camps like Auschwitz -Birkenau in occupied Poland. With defeats at El-Alamein and Stalingrad , as well as the landing of U. As the conflict continued, Hitler became increasingly unwell, isolated and dependent on medications administered by his personal physician.

Several attempts were made on his life, including one that came close to succeeding in July , when Col. Within a few months of the successful Allied invasion of Normandy in June , the Allies had begun liberating cities across Europe. That December, Hitler attempted to direct another offensive through the Ardennes, trying to split British and American forces.

But after January , he holed up in a bunker beneath the Chancellery in Berlin. With Soviet forces closing in, Hitler made plans for a last-ditch resistance before finally abandoning that plan. After dictating his political testament, Hitler shot himself in his suite on April 30; Braun took poison. With Soviet troops occupying Berlin, Germany surrendered unconditionally on all fronts on May 7, , bringing the war in Europe to a close.

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